Objective : This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with poor sleep quality among medical students at a Nigerian university. Materials and Methods : In a cross sectional survey, the sleep quality of students (n=255) was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). In addition to obtaining sociodemographic data, history of adverse childhood experiences and drug use, measures assessing daytime sleepiness, fatigue and psychiatric morbidity were also administered. Results : Almost a third (32.5%) of medical students reported poor quality sleep. The presence of a chronic illness (OR: 5.10, 95% CI: 1.53-17.11, P<0.02), adverse childhood experience (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 0.98-3.02, P<0.05) and irregular sleep schedule (OR: 4.78, 95% CI: 2.65-3.02, P<0.01) significantly predicted poor sleep quality. Conclusion: Poor quality of sleep is common among medical students, and is associated with predisposing and several modifiable factors. Strategies to improve sleep quality are suggested.

Background : Acute appendicitis is perhaps the most common surgically correctable cause of acute abdominal pain and its diagnosis remains difficult in many instances. Some of the signs and symptoms can be subtle to both the clinician and the patient and may not be present in all the instances. Arriving at the correct diagnosis is essential; however a delay in diagnosis may allow progression to perforation and significantly increase the morbidity and mortality. Materials and Methods : This study was a prospective study and comprised 200 patients admitted with suspected acute appendicitis. The patients were selected unbiased from all age groups of either sex and were evaluated on the basis of predetermined proforma. Subsequent to hospital admission, the preoperative modified Alvarado score (MAS) was determined and C-reactive protein levels (CRP) were estimated. The results of the MAS and preoperative CRP levels were compared with the histopathology of the removed appendix. Results : Among all the patients studied, 12, 52, and 136 patients had preoperative MAS of <5, 5-6, and 7-9 respectively. One hundred sixty six patients had CRP level raised. A total of 158 patients were histopathologically positive for apendicitis. The sensitivity and specificity of MAS in patients with a score of 5-6 were 58% and 13.5% respectively. In patients with a score of 7-9, MAS had sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 50% respectively. We found 93% sensitivity and 85% specificity of CRP for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. When combined with CRP, the sensitivity and specificity of MAS in patients with score of 7-9 were raised to 98% and 54% respectively. Moreover, the sensitivity of MAS in patients with a score of 5-6 was raised significantly from 58% to 93%. Conclusion : We concluded that MAS in combination with the CRP levels is very helpful in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis especially in patients with modified a Alvarado scores in the middle range, who are categorized as "equivocal" for appendicitis by the Alvarado score.

Objectives : To assess the knowledge and awareness regarding needlestick injury among undergraduate dental students of Rural Dental College. Materials and Methods : This cross-sectional observational study was conducted among students of Rural Dental College, Maharashtra, India. A predesigned questionnaire, which assessed knowledge and awareness about needlestick injury and its management, was the tool of data collection. Results : A total of 150 students participated. The male to female ratio was 1:2; mean age of respondents was 20.66±1.01 years. On an average, 89.23% and 10.67% of the students had correct and incorrect knowledge about needlestick injury, respectively. A total of 91.55% exhibited adequate level of awareness, while 08.45% exhibited incorrect level of awareness about management of needlestick injury. Conclusion : Results indicate that the students had good knowledge and adequate awareness about needlestick injury.

Background : Sexual abuse of children is a global health and human rights problem that has been largely underreported and understudied in sub-Saharan Africa. Little is therefore known regarding information on the nature of child sexual abuse and the predisposing factors in our communities. Objective : To study the demographic features of individuals involved in sexual abuse and the pattern of presentation of cases at the General Hospital Suleja, Niger state. Materials and Methods : The study is a retrospective analysis of case records of patients who presented to the Out Patient Department of General Hospital Suleja. All cases of sexual abuse seen over an 18 month period from 1 ^st January 2007 to 30 ^th June 2008 were reviewed. Data obtained were analysed in Epi-Info software version 3.04 and results presented as percentages, contingency tables, and charts. Results : A total of 81 cases of sexual abuse were recorded over the period of review where children (77 cases) accounted for 95.1% of the cases. There were 41 cases of sexual abuse seen in 2007, while 40 cases were documented within the first half of 2008. All the victims of sexual abuse were girls and all the perpetrators were males of whom six adolescent boys constituted 7.6%. There was no documentation on evaluation and management of sexually transmitted infections, HIV infection, emergency contraception, or scheduled follow-up. Conclusion : The incidence of reported child sexual abuse is on the increase in our communities. There is a need for studies on the predisposing factors to inform policy and preventive strategies as well as efforts to build the capacity of public health systems and care providers to manage cases reporting to our health care facilities.

Background and Objectives : Tuberculosis of the breast, surprisingly, is not an infrequent malady as presumed in this highly overcrowded country, India, and therefore, curiosity arose to investigate these cases in further detail. Materials and Methods : The patients' records were obtained from the Surgical Pathology Section of the Department of Pathology, Santhiram Medical College, Nandyal, Dist., Kurnool (AP), India, from 2005 to 2010. The pathological material and clinical history from all histopathologically diagnosed cases of breast tuberculosis were then re-examined independently by us. Ziehl Neelson staining was done to demonstrate mycobacterium tuberculous bacilli. Results : Eleven cases of tuberculosis of the breast encountered over a five-year period, accounted for 4.1% of all breast lesions. All patients were females. Most of the patients (63.6%) were in the 26 to 35 years age group. Five cases (45.4%) were lactating at the time of presentation. Only two cases were diagnosed as tuberculous mastitis on the basis of a breast lump, with chronic discharging sinuses. In two cases, the breast lump simulated carcinoma. Conclusion : Tuberculous mastitis occurs more frequently than is supposed. The predisposing factors for its development are reproductive age group and lactation. As this lesion can mimic carcinoma breast, all breast lumps must be diagnosed histopathologically before radical treatment is undertaken, to avoid needless mastectomies.

Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic infestation by the fungus Rhinosporidium seeberi, which predominantly affects the mucus membranes of the nose and nasopharynx. We report a case of rhinosporidoisis with presentation as a mass extending up to the oropharynx. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery was performed.